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The March to the Sea and Beyond: Sherman's Troops in the Savannah and Carolinas Campaigns, by Joseph T. Glatthaar
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Product details
Hardcover: 334 pages
Publisher: New York University Press; 1st edition (July 1, 1985)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0814730019
ISBN-13: 978-0814730010
Package Dimensions:
9.1 x 6.4 x 1 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.3 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.6 out of 5 stars
10 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#2,211,531 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
This is not the traditional campaign book. Most books written on Sherman’s Savannah and Carolina Campaigns provide the backgrounds of key military leaders on both sides, discuss the politics, follow the Union army’s movements, outline Union and Southern strategies and tactics, and cover notable events, including battles and other engagements. While touching upon those topics, this work instead complements those books for readers interested in a deeper understanding of those campaigns from the Union soldier’s perspective. This book focuses on who these soldiers were, their experiences, and how they saw things.Much of the story is told through the words of Union soldiers, with additional observations from civilians and Confederate soldiers they encountered along their marches. Their stories are gleaned from personal journals, letters, manuscripts, memoirs, regimental histories, and other sources.Individual chapters include: organization and makeup of Sherman’s Army (1) (including notable aspects of the senior commanders), soldiers’ experiences and feelings concerning the Cause (2) Blacks (3) Southern Whites (4), Camp Life (5), The March (6), Foraging (7), Destruction and Pillaging (8), Battle (9), and The War’s End (10). Appendices provide statistical information on the demographics of the soldiers.To get a sense of this book, I’ve included a sampling of what it includes:THE ARMY--By the time of the campaigns, Sherman’s army was a well-oiled machine of confident and battle-hardened veterans. Most officers through the ranks had proven abilities, with poor performers and most trouble-makers long gone.--There were key differences between the army and the Army of the Potomac in the east. The reenlistment rate was much higher, relations between officers and enlisted were less formal and more supportive, and the troops were more of an independent nature. The occasional abusive officer was not tolerated. There was less focus on bearing and appearance. Spit and polish did not win battles; competence and mutual respect were more important.--Sherman’s army overwhelmingly supported Lincoln’s reelection, with mostly disdain for the peace-seeking copperheads led by their candidate McClellan. They did not want their years-long absences from home, their hardships, and the deaths and maiming of fellow soldiers to have been in vain, and wanted complete victory.--Soldiers were surprised at the lack of a middle class and the clear distinctions between the rich and the mostly poor whites, and were irritated by observed segregation among them, including that between Southern enlisted soldiers and their officers.THE CAUSE, SOUTHERN WHITES, AND SLAVES--Soldiers grew increasingly angered by the opulence, arrogance, and of the treatment of slaves by the aristocrats, blamed them for the war, and took special interest in taking and destroying their property, particularly in South Carolina.--Many were shocked, and agitated, by the number of bi-racial slaves, which indicated the level of depravity among slave owners.--Some also blamed blacks for the war, but as a whole the army grew increasingly empathetic towards them.--Slaves took many risks to assist foragers, provide intelligence, act as guides, and aid escaped Union prisoners.--Soldiers destroyed slave trading businesses along their path, as well as whipping posts, slave pens, auction blocks, and any tools of the business, and killed hounds used for hunting escaped slaves.--Slave-owners were often shocked or surprised to see their slaves run to Sherman’s army, ironically some calling them “traitors.â€THE MARCH AND CAMP LIFE--The two army wings, and sometimes each of the four corps, took different but parallel routes to maximize speed and impact, and to keep the enemy from guessing primary destinations—but close enough to support each other.--The Confederates were astonished at the progress of Sherman’s wagons and artillery through mud and washed out areas. Sherman established pioneer units down to the division and brigade levels, which excelled at removing felled trees, repairing bridges, and corduroying, which often required two layers of trimmed logs laid down for them to roll over.--While marching, troops dreaded wagon train guard duty. The wagons were often the target of opposing cavalry, the soldiers were responsible for freeing them from mud and helping them ford waterways and climb hills, and they generally arrived late into camp.--Soldiers were particularly wary of land mines, called “torpedoes,†especially near Savannah and in S. Carolina. Other tactics used to impede them included felled trees, cutting water gates to flood rice fields and adjoining areas, fires, destroying bridges, and sending logs and debris downstream to break up their portable pontoon bridges.--Troops typically marched four abreast, often given a 10 minute rest each hour, with a longer stop for the midday meal.--An army marches on its feet, and this was especially true during the Civil War. Foot and footwear problems are discussed as well as how soldiers improvised and managed.--Sherman’s army excelled at efficiency, such as group “messes†often consisting of 4 men who shared chores during mid-day meals and when camping for the night. When going into camp, one man typically cut tent poles, another fetched water, one gathered bedding material, and one made the fire and cooked.--Troops did a number of things in camp to relax and maintain their spirits and many examples of pranks, gags, games, and other activities are documented.FORAGING--Foraging goals including keeping wagons filled with 10 day’s food supply for the men and three day’s supply for animals.--An extensive explanation concerning the origin and definition of the term “bummer†is provided.--The uncanny abilities of foragers to find hidden animals, food caches, and other resources are discussed, as well as their other added benefits, e.g., gathering intelligence and maps, securing guides, seizing key towns, bridges, rail and roadway junctions, and essentially acting as mounted infantry and skirmishers in protecting the army’s front and flanks.--The dangers and countermeasures of foragers concerning Southern guerrillas and cavalry, who often targeted them, are discussed. Besides those captured and made prisoner, approximately 175 were found executed by hanging, being shot at close range, or with throats cut, with likely more executed but never found.--Southern cavalrymen and mounted infantry were often frustrated between orders to burn crops and destroy food and animal forage ahead of the Union Army, and the backlash of the civilian population.DESTRUCTION AND PILLAGING--Destruction and pillaging was focused on anything considered useful to the Confederacy’s war efforts including war materiel, factories, warehouses, railroads including moving stock and infrastructure, government buildings (with the exception of state capitals), various businesses, cotton, grist, and saw mills, and crops including cotton, the South’s primary means of financing the war.--Homes destroyed typically encompassed those of wealthy slaveholders associated with prosecuting the war (e.g., Confederate Generals H. Cobb and Wade Hampton), those of civilians burning bridges or engaged in other hostile acts, those abandoned and assumed deserted due to the owners’ secessionist loyalties, and those adjacent to factories, mills, depots, or government buildings consumed by the spread of fire.--Generally, the homes of the poor and those found occupied, including those of the wealthy, were spared although more wanton destruction occurred in S. Carolina for obvious reasons. Owners who asked for guards to prevent home entry were often accommodated, but requests for protection of other buildings and resources on their lands were not.--Much of the most controversial destruction and pillaging was carried out by unauthorized foragers and stragglers.--Hard marching and scrutiny by officers in the ranks precluded soldiers from pilfering items of weight or that could not be concealed. Provost marshals examined wagons and packages to be mailed for contraband, and commanders held unannounced inspections of knapsacks and blankets. Arrests were made and some men were imprisoned or otherwise punished.--Ironically, there were many reports by civilians, and formal complaints by local and state governments, concerning pillaging and looting of businesses, farms, and homes by Wheeler’s cavalry. Much of it was also done by marauding bands of Confederate deserters and civilians. A number in the ranks of the remnants of Hood’s army reported like behavior by their comrades while in the Carolinas.--There were few reports of actual rape during the marches, and almost none of murder. One substantiated rape and one of murder in North Carolina resulted in the soldiers’ execution by the Union army.BATTLE AND THE WAR’S END--The author provides summaries of the notable battles and engagements during the marches, including Fort McAllister, Averasboro, and Bentonville.--Soldiers indicate the most trying and tense moments came just before battle, especially when expected to move against fortified defensive works.--During the actual battle, their training and focus on what they were doing often occupied their minds, often to the point where they became oblivious to time, the sounds and sights, and even bullets whizzing around them.--Soldiers were often surprised to find bullet holes in their clothing after battle, sometimes numerous holes.--Logan’s Corps turned back a mob of approximately 2,000 Union troops intent on razing Raleigh after learning of Lincoln’s assassination.--Troops discuss in letters to friends and family of their wounds, some grisly and debilitating, along with the pain of losing friends and having to leave them behind.--Troops comment on their feelings of war’s end and transitioning back to civilian life.GRAMMAR AND READABILITYThis book is easy to read and comprehend, transitions are smooth, and the information flows well, organized effectively by topic.Editing is excellent, with almost no grammatical or typographical errors. I found the author’s narrative to be even-handed and unbiased. The author indicates his objective was neither to condemn nor condone the often controversial actions of Sherman and his men.ILLUSTRATIONSMaps of the theater of operations are provided, but they are a bit crude and do not outline the movements of the Union army, so they are only semi-useful. A rough sketch of the Battle of Bentonville is provided.A few period photographs and drawings are sprinkled throughout the book depicting Sherman and his staff, slaves following the army, a camp scene, troops tearing up railroad track, troops crossing a river, and others relating directly to chapter topics.HARDBACK BOOK QUALITYThe hardback book is of average size (9 x 6), with a good quality dust cover. The binding is good but the pages are rather susceptible to tearing and absorption. The pages are rather difficult to keep open and the left hand pages do not want to lay flat. The text is dark, clean, and of average size.CONCLUSION AND AFTERTHOUGHTSThis book should be of particular interest to students of the Civil War interested in the life of the Union soldier, and/or those looking for more perspective on Sherman’s Savannah and Carolinas Campaigns.The research, readability, organization, editing, and objective analysis make this book a very good read and historical resource.
Well written, with great reliance on primary sources. I have read several books on Sherman's campaign to the Sea and through South Carolina. This one does the best job of understanding the men who made up Sherman's army. Those who demonize Uncle Billy as the sole perpetrator of southern woes should read this to understand why thousands of Midwest farm boys were so outraged about secession.
I thought this a good book for anyone reading about or studying Major-General William Tecumseh Sherman's March to the Sea and the March through the Carolinas. It captures the thoughts and personalities of the Army behind the man and gives the reader an insight to why they did some of the things that are so controversial today.
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Great book. Highly recommend to anyone who is interested in the history of the Civil War and is very well written.
This book contains an examination of the army that General William Tecumseh Sherman led through Georgia and the Carolinas, in late 1864 and early 1865. Instead of being just another narrative of the March to the Sea and Carolina campaigns, however, Glatthaar's book is a look at the individuals that composed the army. In it, he examines the social and ideological backgrounds of the men in Sherman's army, and evaluates how they felt about various factors of the war--slavery, the union, and, most significantly, the campaign in which they were participating. The result is a fascinating look at Sherman's campaigns through the eyes of the everyday soldier. Glatthaar makes the army come alive, and shows the men not as heartless animals who delighted in wanton destruction, not as mechanized marching machines who could perform the most difficult marches without even flinching, but instead as real human beings, complete with sore feet, empty stomachs, and minds engaged in contemplation over the ethical ramifications of what they were doing to the people of the South.This book, and others like it (such as James McPherson's For Cause and Comrades), is a refreshing change from the norm in Civil War history. The value of this book lies in its helping the reader understand that the war was fought by individuals, not masses of blue and gray, and that these individuals felt and thought a great deal about the cause they were engaged in. I have read much on the subject of Sherman's march, but never before this book did I truly feel like I understood the mentality of the 60,000 man army he led. This book will not give you a detailed and thorough account of Sherman's campaigns, but it will give anyone who already is somewhat familiar with the marches an incredible amount of insight that, I believe, cannot be gained elsewhere.
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